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Helsinki Airport

Coordinates: 60°19′02″N 024°57′48″E / 60.31722°N 24.96333°E / 60.31722; 24.96333
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This article is about the main international airport open since 1952. For the general aviation airport serving the city, see Helsinki-Malmi Airport. For Helsinki's first and former airport operated as a seaplane base, see Katajanokka Airport.

Helsinki-Vantaa Airport

Helsinki-Vantaan lentoasema
Helsingfors-Vanda flygplats
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorFinavia
ServesHelsinki metropolitan area
LocationAviapolis, Vantaa, Finland
OpenedJuly 1952; 72 years ago (1952-07)
Hub for
Elevation AMSL55 m / 179 ft
Coordinates60°19′02″N 024°57′48″E / 60.31722°N 24.96333°E / 60.31722; 24.96333
Websitewww.helsinkiairport.fi
Map
HEL/EFHK is located in Finland
HEL/EFHK
HEL/EFHK
Location within Finland
HEL/EFHK is located in Scandinavia
HEL/EFHK
HEL/EFHK
HEL/EFHK (Scandinavia)
HEL/EFHK is located in Europe
HEL/EFHK
HEL/EFHK
HEL/EFHK (Europe)
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
04R/22L 3,500 11,483 Asphalt
04L/22R 3,060 10,039 Asphalt
15/33 2,901 9,518 Asphalt
Helipads
Number Length Surface
m ft
H16/H34 310 1,017 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passengers15,313,355
Passenger change 22–23Increase 18.9%
Landings34,653
Cargo (metric tonnes)171,198
Source: Finavia
Helsinki airport deals with significant snow and ice

Helsinki-Vantaa Airport (Finnish: Helsinki-Vantaan lentoasema, Swedish: Helsingfors-Vanda flygplats)[1] (IATA: HEL, ICAO: EFHK), or simply Helsinki Airport, is the main international airport serving Helsinki, the capital of Finland, as well as its surrounding metropolitan area, and the Uusimaa region in Finland. The airport is located in the neighbouring city of Vantaa, about 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Tikkurila, the administrative centre of Vantaa and 9.2 NM (17.0 km; 10.6 mi) north[1] of Helsinki's city centre. The airport is operated by state-owned Finavia.[2] The facility covers a total of 1,800 hectares (4,448 acres) of land and contains three runways.[3]

The airport is by far the busiest in Finland (with 20 times the traffic of the next-busiest, Rovaniemi) and the fourth busiest in the Nordic countries in terms of passenger numbers. About 90% of Finland's international air traffic passes through Helsinki Airport.[4] In 2023, Helsinki Airport had a total of 15.3 million passengers, 88% of whom were international passengers and 12% domestic passengers.[5] On average, the airport handles around 350 departures a day.[4]

The airport is the main hub for Finnair, the flag carrier of Finland, and its subsidiary Nordic Regional Airlines. It is also a hub for CityJet (on behalf of SAS) and an operating base for Jettime, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Sunclass Airlines and TUI fly Nordic. Helsinki Airport has around 50 regularly-operating airlines. The airport has around 80 scheduled destinations to other parts of Europe and 21 direct long-haul routes to Asia, the Middle East, and North America. There are also 35 charter destinations including numerous long-haul charter destinations.[6][7]

Originally built for the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, the airport today provides jobs for 25,000 people and 1,500 companies operate at the airport.[8][9]

Finavia aims to strengthen the position of Helsinki Airport in transit passenger traffic between Europe and Asia, and to increase the number of direct connections to Europe.[10] Helsinki Airport's minimum transit time of 35 minutes is among the shortest in Europe.[11] According to Finavia's survey, as many as one in every three passengers select their flight route based on the transit airport.[12]

History

[edit]
Aerial photo of the first terminal at Helsinki Airport in 1963/1964
Aerial photo of Helsinki Airport terminal area in 1969
An interior view of the terminal (later known as terminal 2) at the Helsinki Airport circa 1969. In the foreground are Finnair's chief of aviation Olavi Siirilä (left) and CEO Gunnar Korhonen (right).
The old entrance to terminal 2.

Opening and the first intercontinental service (1952–1960s)

[edit]

The planning of a new airport for Helsinki began in the 1940s, when it became obvious that the Helsinki-Malmi Airport could not handle the increasing number of passengers or the new, heavier aircraft. A new site was found some 20 km (12 mi) from Helsinki city centre, in an area that today belongs to the city of Vantaa (until 1971 Vantaa was called Helsingin maalaiskunta). Some of the construction work was done by prison laborers.[13] The airport opened temporarily in July 1952 for that year's Summer Olympics, held in Helsinki.[14]

The first two Aero Oy DC-3 aircraft, OH-LCC Tiira with its captain Olli Puhakka and first officer Pertti Uuksulainen, and OH-LCD Lokki, landed in Vantaa on 26 June 1952, and the first scheduled international airplane to land on the airport was the DC-6 B Torgil Viking of Scandinavian Airlines on 26 October 1952. While Aero (now Finnair) used Helsinki-Malmi Airport, charter flights were directed to the new airport on 26 October 1952. The airport originally had a single runway, the second runway being built four years later in 1956, and the first airplane hangar was also built in the same year. The airport also received its first radar in the same year.[13] Regular jet flight operations began in 1959.

A new passenger terminal opened in 1969, while the first transatlantic service to New York was inaugurated on 15 May 1969. A contiguous fence around the entire airport area was built in spring 1973.[15]

During this time period, the airport was also called Seutula Airport after the nearby village Seutula.[16][17]

New terminal and first Asian flights (1970s–1990s)

[edit]

The year 1973 saw the first security checks being carried out for international flights. The name Helsinki-Vantaa Airport was used from 1977, with the airport being known as the Helsinki Airport before this.[18] The postal code of the airport was 01530 Helsinki-Lento until 1974, 01530 Helsinki-Vantaa-Lento from 1974 to 1983 and 01530 Vantaa from 1983 onwards.

The Finnish Defence Forces surrounded the airport in late autumn 1977, in order to protect the airport from a possible terrorist strike by the Red Army Faction.[19]

In 1983, the airport began offering the first non-stop service from Western Europe to Japan as Finnair commenced regular service between Helsinki and Tokyo with a single McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30ER. In the 1970s, Pan Am operated flights from Helsinki to the US. The passenger terminal was expanded for the first time in 1983 and five years later, in 1988, the airport handled over six million passengers annually.[citation needed]

In 1991, Delta Air Lines began its operations at the airport. A new terminal was constructed for domestic flights in 1993. In 1996, the international terminal was expanded and merged with the domestic terminal. At the same time, the new control tower was completed. In 1997, a new VIP President terminal was opened for official international state visits. In November 1999, the international terminal was further expanded and the lobby for arriving and departing passengers was built.

New millennium and expansion of non-Schengen area (2000–2009)

[edit]

A historical event in 2000 was that the annual number of visitors to the Helsinki-Vantaa Airport surpassed 10 million.[20] Approach traffic control moved from the so-called "cave" into its new overground premises.

New border controls of the Schengen Agreement were taken into use in 2001. The third runway was inaugurated on 28 November 2002 and the first user was Finnair's McDonnell Douglas MD-11 en route to New York. In 2004, the international terminal was again expanded and a new shopping area was opened for long-haul passengers. A new air cargo service was opened for passengers with overweight luggage. 24 new automatic check-in terminals were taken into use in 2006.[21]

On 13 August 2007 a new Hilton hotel, Hilton Helsinki-Vantaa Airport was opened near the airport, with 330 rooms.[22][23] Independent use of parallel runways started in November 2007.[24]

A free-of-charge WLAN network was opened at the airport on 25 November 2008.[25]

In autumn 2009, the airport saw a great deal of industrial action, as Finavia outsourced check-in security controls. The security controls were moved over to the cleaning and building service concern SOL. The labour agreements also changed. SOL started co-operation negotiations for 80 employees in January 2010. Outsourcing the security services had a positive impact on Finavia's economy, as this allowed the company to reach significant cost savings during the first half of 2010 compared to the second half of the previous year. This was largely because of the outsourcing of the security services at the Helsinki Airport.[26] In late 2012, the Labour Court of Finland gave a statement that the security services at the airport were under the labour agreement of the security guard industry. After this, SOL terminated its contract, to end at the end of 2014 in the middle of its contract period.[27]

Finnair outsourced its baggage handling services from its daughter company Northport to Barona Handling in November to December 2009, after which the baggage handling employees went on an illegal strike for four days. During New Year from 2009 to 2010, thousands of bags lay untouched at the airport, inaccessible to their owners. According to the employees, there were one tenth less people handling the loading of the baggage than before. The Aviation Union accused Barona of neglecting safety regulations when unloading the accumulated pile of baggage during the industrial action.[28] In January 2010, the Finnish News Agency wrote that some of the employees had sent baggage to the wrong destination on purpose.[29][30][31] In 2009, the airport dropped out of the list of the Airport Service Quality research.[32]

In 2009, an expansion of Terminal 2 was completed. The total floor area was 43,908 square metres (472,620 sq ft). The same year witnessed the opening of a new shopping area and spa for passengers on long-haul flights, the removal of a terminal-specific division between domestic and international flights in favour a division by airline, and the renovation of Terminal 1 for international flights.[33] In the same year, TAP Air Portugal commenced service between Helsinki and Lisbon.

Five new passenger bridges for wide-body aircraft were opened in 2009. The spa was closed down in 2012 because of lack of use.[34] In 2011, the annual number of passengers at the airport grew by 15.5% to 14.9 million passengers. About 25% of passengers were transferring to a connecting flight at the airport. 12.2 million passengers were on international flights and 2.7 million on domestic flights. A total of 1.63 million passengers were on flights to Asia.[35]

Significant growth and expansion (2010–present)

[edit]

During the 2010s, Helsinki Airport experienced large increases in the number of annual passengers. In 2010, the airport handled 12,883,399 passengers, an increase of 2.2 percent compared to 2009. Air freight increased by 29.4 percent.

In April 2010, Norwegian Air Shuttle opened its first routes to Oslo and Stockholm using Boeing 737 jets. Now the airline is one of the largest operators at the airport with almost 40 destinations in Europe, Asia, and Africa. In 2011, Helsinki Airport saw its biggest growth in a single year in the number of passengers. The number of annual passengers was increased by 2 million passengers and the airport reached the milestone of 14 million passengers. However, easyJet canceled three routes, from Helsinki to Manchester, London–Gatwick, and Paris–Charles de Gaulle, citing weak demand at Helsinki.[36]

In November 2011, Austrian Airlines canceled its Vienna–Helsinki operations. In the same year, Czech Airlines ceased its Helsinki operations due to low demand.[citation needed] A year after, LOT Polish Airlines canceled its service to Helsinki. In 2014, a number of airlines such as Aer Lingus, Germanwings, and S7 Airlines canceled services to Helsinki.[citation needed]

In the 2010s, the airport saw a huge growth of long-haul flights in terms of weekly flights (see Long-haul traffic below).

In the beginning of 2015, the renovation and construction work related to the development of Helsinki Airport started. For example, the Baggage Claim Hall 2B and Arrival Hall 2A were renovated and in July 2015, train operation on the Ring Rail Line and connection to Helsinki Central Railway Station were opened. In March 2015, Swiss International Air Lines started operations to Helsinki but canceled it a year later. In late 2015, Blue1 ceased all operations from Helsinki which was the airline's only base. The airline flew to 28 destinations in Europe. Scandinavian Airlines sold Blue1 to CityJet, which continues to operate the company on behalf of SAS as part of a larger relationship.[37] In 2015, the airport handled up to 16 million passengers for the first time. In March 2016, Czech Airlines resumed flights from Prague to Helsinki using Airbus A319 aircraft. On 10 October 2016, the first Gulf carrier Qatar Airways began operations at the airport and now operates to Helsinki by Boeing 787 Dreamliner. The carrier was initially planning to launch the service as early as 2012. Finavia expects that the airport will handle over 18.5 million passengers in 2017 and around 20 million in 2018, or in 2019 at the latest.[citation needed] Also in 2017, the airport experienced huge growth in numbers of passengers flying intercontinental.[citation needed]

As of 2013, Finavia has been expanding the airport (see Future expansion below).

Life in HEL (#lifeinhel) was a Finavia marketing campaign which took place from 10 October to 9 November 2017 at Helsinki Airport. The campaign mixed TV, game shows, and social media. Ryan Zhu, a Chinese actor and TV personality, lived in a little cabin inside Helsinki Airport for 30 days. Helsinki Airport was awarded the title of best airport in the world by Travellink; by the campaign, Finavia wanted to prove this claim.[38]

A free-of-charge film theatre named Airport Cinema was opened near gate 33 in November 2018.[39]

A new terminal expansion was opened in 2012. The terminals 1 and 2 were combined on 21 June 2022 so that all flights are now operated from a single terminal.[40][41]

Construction projects

[edit]

In spring 2010, a new baggage handling centre utilising the latest technology was taken into use at the airport, concentrating all handling of departing and transferring baggage. Handling of arriving baggage remains at its current handling facility.[citation needed]

The parts of the airport that were completed in 1969 and 1983 were thoroughly renovated. Basic repairs were completed in 2012.[citation needed]

Runway 3 (22R/04L) was repaired from April to June 2012, during which time the runway was out of use. After this the taxiway next to runway 2 (15/33) was repaired, during which time runway 2 served as a temporary taxiway. The repairs were completed in September 2012.[42]

The main runway 04R/22L was repaired in summer 2015 and was reopened in early August.[43]

The Helsinki Airport station was opened on 10 July 2015.[44] The Ring Rail Line connects the Helsinki–Riihimäki railway in the north with the Vantaankoski railway in the west. The trip from the airport to the Helsinki Central station takes about half an hour, and the trip to Tikkurila railway station takes about ten minutes. The Helsinki Airport station was built underground between the parking garages P3A and P1/P2. The station has a walking connection to the connecting corridor between terminals 1 and 2.

Expansion of the terminals started in early 2016 from the southern wing of the long-distance flight area, which was completed in summer 2017. After this, construction of the western wing was started, which was completed in autumn 2019.[45] Expansion of terminal 1 was also started in 2017, giving the terminal an additional 3,500 square metres of floor area.[46] Terminal 1 was lengthened by 230 metres and gained seven new departure gates.[47]

As part of the development program, a new parking garage was also opened, with a connection to the terminal. The new parking garage is equipped with solar panels, and it has an area for recharging 200 electric cars. The development program also included about 2000 new parking places.

Expansion of the terminal is undergoing to the north of the terminal building, including expansion of the number of commercial services, gates and docks for airplanes. The expansion also includes improvement of passenger connections to the terminal. The expansion was taken into use in late 2021.

The development program was completed in September 2023. Before this, new lobbies for departing and arriving passengers and a connecting travel centre were taken into use. Also the old departure lobby of Terminal 2 will be changed into part of the Schengen gate area, expanding the size of the area considerably.

During New Year 2020 to 2021, a three-year repair project of the station level was completed, not included in the development program. The purpose of the repair project, which cost 32 million euro, is to ensure the safety of taxiing and parking the airplanes and to improve the capacity and effectiveness of air traffic. The infrastructure of the station level will be modernised, allowing a further decrease of environmental impacts of air traffic.[citation needed]

A two-part Avia Pilot building with 13 floors was built within walking distance of the terminal, with Finavia as its main tenant.[48] In early 2018, a new Scandic Hotels hotel with 148 rooms was opened in the building. This is the third hotel in the immediate vicinity of the airport.[49]

[edit]
  • The old departure check-in area in Terminal 2
    The old departure check-in area in Terminal 2
  • The gate area in the terminal
    The gate area in the terminal
  • Expansion of the terminal
    Expansion of the terminal
  • A café at the airport
    A café at the airport
  • The new arrivals hall
    The new arrivals hall
  • The new departures hall
    The new departures hall

Composition

[edit]
Map of Helsinki Airport.

The airport has one terminal. The terminal capacity of the airport is approximately 16–17 million passengers per year.[50]

Domestic flights, as well as flights to European Schengen countries, are operated from gates 11–34. Long-haul and European non-Schengen flights are operated from gates 34–55.[51]

In 2014, Helsinki Airport introduced the world's first passenger tracking system,[52] which automatically monitors crowd congestion and prevents bottlenecks at the airport.[52]

The airport's signage is in English, Finnish, Swedish, Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and Russian.

Current terminal (former Terminal 2) opened in 1969 for international operations and, at present, also serves domestic flights. The non-Schengen area of the terminal was enlarged in 2009 enabling the airport to accommodate eight wide-body aircraft at gates simultaneously while a new shopping area and a spa were opened for passengers on long-distance flights, and the division between domestic and international flights was removed. Terminal 2 has many restaurants, bars and shopping areas. The terminal is equipped with 26 aircraft parking stands with passenger bridges. The terminal has a train connection to Helsinki Central railway station.

Passenger facilities include numerous tax-free shops, Avis, Europcar and Hertz-car rentals, free wireless Internet access, power sockets, lockers, sleeping pods and transfer service desks. Currency exchange, cash machines (ATM), tourist information and an Alepa grocery store and pharmacy are also available. For children, there are also several playrooms. Dining facilities include Burger King and O'Learys Sports Bar as well as numerous other restaurants and cafés. Terminal 2 also includes two Finnair lounges: Finnair Lounge in the Schengen-area and Finnair Premium Lounge in the non-Schengen area.

As a part of Helsinki Airport's expansion plan, the new South Pier was inaugurated in June 2017 and Aukio in February 2019. The new pier features moving walkways and dual boarding jet bridges to enable handling larger aircraft more efficiently. In November 2019, the West Pier opened and it is able to accommodate the Airbus A380 superjumbo. Five of the gates are able to accommodate two regional jets, such as Boeing 737s or Airbus A320s, simultaneously at a single gate.[53] Passengers arriving and departing are divided into two floors: one for arriving passengers, the other for departures. In June 2016, the new bus terminal for remote aircraft stand operations was opened to increase the airport's capacity with gates 50A-M.

  • New terminal entrance
    New terminal entrance
  • New departure hall
    New departure hall
  • Old exterior of Terminal 2
    Old exterior of Terminal 2
  • The interior of the terminal
    The interior of the terminal
  • The restaurant area in the terminal
    The restaurant area in the terminal
  • Finnair's former check-in area
    Finnair's former check-in area
  • The gate area of the new South Pier of non-Schengen area
    The gate area of the new South Pier of non-Schengen area
  • The new South Pier of non-Schengen area
    The new South Pier of non-Schengen area

Other buildings

[edit]
Finnair head office, House of Travel and Transportation

There are several airport hotels and office buildings on the grounds of the airport. The Aviapolis is a new international business park adjacent to the Helsinki airport area, already hosting the operations of numerous companies around the airport. In 2013, Finnair opened its new head office, known as House of Travel and Transportation, or "HOTT". The construction of HOTT began in July 2011 and finished on time in June 2013.

Ground handling

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Airpro, Aviator, and Swissport provide ground handling services for airlines.

Runways

[edit]
Runway 33 at Helsinki Airport

Helsinki Airport has three runways. The runways can handle take-offs and landings of the heaviest aircraft in use today such as the Airbus A380. The use of three runways allows two runways to be kept in operation when clearing of snow and ice is needed (if one runway is being cleared at a time).[54][55]

Number Runway
direction/code 		Length
(in metres and feet) 		ILS[56] Surface Notes
1 04R/22L 3,500 m
11,483 ft 		Cat. II
(both directions) 		Asphalt The first runway at the airport
2 15/33 2,901 m
9,518 ft 		Cat. I
(15) 		Asphalt 15 used for propeller and low visibility departures. 33 only used during strong winds from NW.
3 04L/22R 3,060 m
10,039 ft 		Cat. III
(04L) 		Asphalt Inaugurated on 28 November 2002

Runway usage principles

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There are about twenty different runway combinations in use. The primary runway for landings is Runway 2 (15) from the northwest, i.e. from the direction of Nurmijärvi, or Runway 1 (22L) from the northeast, i.e., from the direction of Kerava, while the primary runway for take-offs is Runway 3 (22R) towards the southwest, in the direction of Western Vantaa and Espoo. Aircraft with low noise can take off from Runway 1 (22L) towards the south at the same time. When the wind is from the north or east, Runway 3 (04L) or Runway 1 (04R) are usually used for landings, i.e., for approaches from the southwest, the direction of Western Vantaa and Espoo, while take-offs are made from Runway 1 (04R) towards the northeast in the direction of Kerava.

During the night time, landings are primarily made using Runway 2 (15) from the northwest, i.e., from the direction of Nurmijärvi, and take-offs using Runway 3 (22R) towards the southwest, in the direction of Espoo. Jet plane landings to Runway 2 (33) from the southeast and take-offs from Runway 2 (15) towards the southeast are avoided due to dense population in the affected areas. During night time, propeller plane operations towards the southeast are also prohibited unless otherwise dictated by air traffic safety. Air traffic safety is the main reason for not always being able to choose the optimal runway for noise control.[57]

Technology

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Airport-CDM

[edit]

In October 2012, Finavia implemented Airport CDM (Collaborative Decision Making) at Helsinki Airport. It is a procedure by Eurocontrol, the European Organization for Safety of Air Navigation, that develops airport operation by increasing co-operation between partners at the airport.[58] Airport CDM aims to reduce costs, achieve lower emissions, improve punctuality of operations and increase customer satisfaction at the airport. Helsinki Airport was the seventh European and first Northern European airport to adopt the program.[59]

Operations

[edit]

Passenger operations

[edit]
Finnair is the largest airline operating at the airport

Helsinki Airport is connected to over 140 destinations worldwide and over 50 countries by passenger services. Helsinki Airport has around 50 airlines operating regularly. In addition, there are numerous charter airlines operating at the airport. The airport is the main hub for Finnair, that operates over 1100 flights weekly to Europe, Asia, and North America. The airport is also used as an operating base for Norwegian Air Shuttle, and the low-cost airline operates over 230 flight weekly to elsewhere in Europe as well as the United Arab Emirates and Morocco.

Main airlines

[edit]

The following airlines maintain hub or base operations at Helsinki Airport:

  • Finnair is the largest airline operating at the airport, with an all-Airbus fleet of 48 aircraft (excluding Norra) based at Helsinki, providing scheduled services to the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and North-America. Finnair operates flights from Helsinki to over 100 destinations, including around 20 intercontinental routes. All flights are operated from Terminal 2.
  • Jet Time is a charter airline that operates several flights from Helsinki to Europe.
  • Nordic Regional Airlines (Norra) is a subsidiary of Finnair that operates to around 30 destinations in Europe. Norra has a fleet of 23 ATR and Embraer aircraft, all operated for Finnair. This airline operates from Terminal 2.
  • Norwegian Air Shuttle is a low-cost airline which operates to over 30 destinations from Helsinki to Europe and the Middle East, operating from Terminal 2. The airline is the biggest operator at the airport after Finnair (including Norra) and has served over 10 million passengers since 2010.
  • SunClass Airlines uses Helsinki Airport as a focus city with many charter flights to Southeast Asia and Europe. The airline operates from Terminal 2.
  • TUI fly Nordic is a charter airline that operates to Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Caribbean in North America. The airline operates from Terminal 2. On 10 September 2018, TUI announced plans to close its Helsinki base in the near future with Jet Time taking over the company's short-haul operations at the airport.[60]

Passenger numbers have been growing rapidly since 2010, but especially since 2014. In 2017, Helsinki Airport experienced the third highest growth rate and the second biggest increase in passenger numbers in the last 20 years. On 13 December 2017, the airport reached the milestone of 18 million passengers for the first time ever.

Cargo operations

[edit]
TNT Airways Boeing 737-300F aircraft at its cargo terminal and DHL Aviation A300-600F in the background.

Helsinki Airport has been one of the busiest airports among the Nordic countries by freight handled. In 2012, the airport handled 192,204 tonnes cargo making the airport the largest one in the Nordics in terms of tonnes of cargo handled that year.

Helsinki Airport has extensive cargo flight activity. There is a cargo area with cargo terminals and cargo transit facilities in the southeastern part of the airport area. ASL Airlines Belgium (formerly TNT Airways) and DHL have their own cargo terminals at the airport. Currently scheduled cargo operating airlines are AirBridgeCargo Airlines operated with Boeing 747 cargo aircraft, ASL Airlines Belgium, DHL Aviation (operated by EAT Leipzig and DHL Air UK), FedEx, UPS Airlines, and Turkish Airlines that operates cargo services to HEL from Istanbul, Oslo, and Stockholm with Airbus A310F and A330F aircraft. In addition to scheduled cargo operations, many other cargo airlines have random operations at Helsinki Airport.

The construction of a new freight terminal (35,000 m2 or 380,000 sq ft) began in March 2015 and was inaugurated on 8 January 2018. The capacity of the terminal is 350,000 tonnes but the theoretical capacity is up to 450,000 tonnes. The freight capacity of the airport is being expanded to accommodate the growing freight capacity that will be provided by Finnair's Airbus A350 XWB fleet. Finnair's freight operations continued in the previous location until relocation to the new freight terminal in December 2017.[61] The name of the new terminal is Cool Nordic Cargo Hub, but is branded COOL for its modern technology and capacity to handle high volumes of temperature-controlled cargo. A new operations monitoring and tracking platform, "Cargo Eye", is used in the new freight terminal. That gives the new Cargo Control Center a live view of what is happening across the cargo network and where everything is located.[62] The terminal has 29 stands for truck transports.[63]

Long-haul traffic

[edit]

The airport's first long-haul route began on 15 May 1969 when Finnair commenced flights to New York City via Copenhagen and Amsterdam. The first non-stop route to East Asia started in 1983 with Finnair's flight to Tokyo, with Beijing following five years later.

Today 36 intercontinental routes to North America, Asia, and the Middle East operate from Helsinki Airport. Long-haul traffic is a major part of the airport's operations, in large part thanks to Finnair, the largest carrier at the airport. Helsinki Airport is an important transfer airport between Europe and Asia. In 2018, Helsinki Airport handled approximately 3.7 million transfer passengers, which was 21.0% more than in 2017.[64] At the beginning of 2018, over 140 weekly flights were flown directly from Helsinki to Asia.[65]

Finnair and Japan Airlines had long been the only carriers flying to Asia from Helsinki, but in 2019, Tibet Airlines, Juneyao Airlines and Sichuan Airlines launched non-stop flights from Jinan, Shanghai and Chengdu respectively.[66][67][68]

Helsinki Airport offers far fewer flights to North America.

Airlines and destinations

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Passenger

[edit]

Helsinki Airport offers non-stop flights to 162 destinations in over 50 countries around the world operated by over 20 airlines.[69] These include more than 100 cities in Europe and the Middle East, over 20 in Asia, and eight in North America.[70] The following airlines offer flights at Helsinki Airport:

AirlinesDestinations
Aegean Airlines Athens
Seasonal: Kalamata[71][better source needed]
airBaltic Riga
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle[72]
Braathens International Airways Seasonal charter: Gran Canaria,[73] Larnaca[74]
Budapest Aircraft Service Pori, Savonlinna[75]
Eurowings Berlin[76]
Finnair Amsterdam,[77] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[78] Barcelona, Bergen,[79] Berlin,[80] Brussels,[81] Budapest,[82] Copenhagen,[80] Dallas/Fort Worth,[83] Delhi,[84] Doha,[85] Dublin,[86] Düsseldorf,[86] Edinburgh,[87] Faro,[88] Frankfurt,[89] Funchal, Gazipaşa,[81] Gdańsk,[90] Geneva,[91] Gothenburg,[81] Hamburg,[86] Hong Kong,[84] Ivalo,[92] Joensuu,[93][94] Jyväskylä,[93][94] Kajaani,[93][94] Kemi,[93][94] Kittilä,[92] Kokkola,[93][94] Kraków,[91] Kuopio,[79] Kuusamo,[92] Lisbon, London–Heathrow,[95] Los Angeles,[96] Madrid, Málaga,[86] Manchester,[86] Mariehamn,[79] Milan–Malpensa, Munich,[97] New York–JFK,[96] Nice,[81] Osaka–Kansai,[98] Oslo,[86] Oulu,[81] Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[86] Prague,[80] Reykjavík–Keflavík,[86] Riga,[99] Rome–Fiumicino,[89] Rovaniemi,[92] Seoul–Incheon,[84] Shanghai–Pudong,[84] Singapore,[100] Stockholm–Arlanda,[86] Stockholm–Bromma (ends 31 December 2024),[91] Tallinn,[86] Tartu,[101][102] Tokyo–Haneda,[103] Tokyo–Narita,[103] Tromsø,[92] Vaasa,[81] Vienna,[82] Vilnius,[86] Warsaw–Chopin,[80] Wrocław (ends 6 January 2025)[104][86][87][105] Zurich
Seasonal: Alicante,[81] Antalya,[106] Billund,[81] Bodø,[92] Bologna,[99] Chania,[82] Chicago–O'Hare,[96] Dubai–International,[107] Dubrovnik, Gran Canaria,[108] Heraklion, Innsbruck, Kirkenes (begins 1 April 2025),[109] Lanzarote,[88] Larnaca,[110] Ljubljana,[111] Miami,[84] Milan–Linate,[112][87] Nagoya–Centrair,[103] Naples, Palma de Mallorca, Phuket,[113] Rhodes,[81] Salzburg, Santorini, Seattle/Tacoma,[114] Split,[81] Tenerife–South,[79] Trondheim,[92][87] Venice,[99] Verona, Visby,[92]
Seasonal charter: Burgas,[115] Corfu,[99] Karpathos[99]
Icelandair Reykjavík–Keflavík[116]
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Haneda
Juneyao Airlines Shanghai–Pudong, Zhengzhou[117]
KLM Amsterdam[118]
Lufthansa Frankfurt, Munich
LYGG[119] Linköping, Örebro
Norwegian Air Shuttle[120] Alicante, Bergamo,[121] London–Gatwick, Málaga, Oslo, Rovaniemi, Stockholm–Arlanda
Seasonal: Agadir,[122] Athens, Barcelona, Bucharest–Otopeni (begins 3 June 2025),[123] Burgas, Chania, Copenhagen, Dubrovnik, Gran Canaria,[124] Hurghada,[122] Larnaca, Malta (begins 4 June 2025),[125] Marrakesh,[122] Nice, Palma de Mallorca, Pisa, Pristina, Rhodes, Sofia,[121] Split, Tenerife–South, Tivat, Venice
Pegasus Airlines Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
Seasonal: Antalya[citation needed]
Ryanair Alicante, Beauvais, Bergamo, Charleroi, London–Stansted,[126] Thessaloniki,[127] Vienna[128]
Seasonal: Dubrovnik,[129] Girona,[130] Venice,[131] Warsaw–Modlin, Zadar[132]
Scandinavian Airlines Copenhagen,[133] Stockholm–Arlanda[133]
Sunclass Airlines[134] Seasonal charter: Chania, Gazipaşa (begins 15 April 2025),[135] Gran Canaria, Heraklion, Hurghada,[136] Larnaca, Palma de Mallorca, Preveza/Lefkada,[citation needed] Rhodes, Split, Tenerife–South, Varna
SunExpress Seasonal: Antalya[137]
Trade Air Pristina[citation needed]
TUI Airways[138] Seasonal charter: Cancun, Krabi, Phuket
TUI fly Nordic[138] Seasonal charter: Boa Vista, Sal
Turkish Airlines Istanbul
Vueling Seasonal: Barcelona

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
FedEx Express[139] Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Lufthansa Cargo[140] Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Stockholm–Arlanda
Turkish Cargo[141] Istanbul
UPS Airlines[142] Cologne/Bonn

Traffic statistics

[edit]
Annual passenger traffic at HEL airport. See Wikidata query.

Helsinki Airport is the fourth-busiest airport in the Nordics, serving over 15 million passengers in 2023.

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Helsinki Airport was the busiest Nordic airport in terms of Asian passengers and in 2015, the airport was the fifth busiest airport in Europe in terms of flights to Asia.[143] In 2018, Helsinki Airport was connected to Asia with over 140 weekly flights.[144] When ranked by connectivity, the airport was the best-connected airport in Northern Europe with around 10,000 connections worldwide, 85% more than in Copenhagen which was the 2nd best-connected airport in the Nordics.[145] The number of connections from Helsinki Airport had grown by 96% during the 2010s. In Europe, the airport was the 12th best-connected airport. According to Airports Council International (ACI), Helsinki Airport was one of the fastest-growing airports in Europe in 2017.[145]

In 2016, passengers from Japan, China, South Korea and United States made up the four largest groups of non-European travelers at Helsinki Airport. The airport handled around 386,000 Japanese passengers, 321,000 Chinese passengers, 136,000 Korean passengers and 98,000 US citizens. Other major nationalities were Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, Malaysia, Ukraine, Vietnam, Taiwan, Israel and Indonesia.[146]

In the 2010s, Helsinki Airport's passenger volumes grew significantly. In 2010, the airport handled 12.9 million passengers while by 2019, the number of annual passengers had nearly doubled to over 21.8 million passengers.

  Russia
  Ukraine
  Countries that have banned Russian aircraft from their airspace

In 2024, Finavia stated that "transfer travel from Asia to Europe via Helsinki Airport is (...) approximately 30% lower than in 2019" due to Russian reciprocal sanctions prohibiting Finnair among others, to use Russian airspace,[147] making the flight time on some routes several hours longer, more fuel consuming and previous flight connections impossible.[148][149]

Operational statistics of Helsinki Airport[153][154][155][156][157][158] [159][160][161]
Year Domestic International GRAND TOTAL
Arrival

passengers

Departure

passengers

Transfer

passengers

Total Total

Change %

Arrival

passengers

Departure

passengers

Transfer

passengers

Total Total

Change %

Arrival

passengers

Departure

passengers

Transfer

passengers

Total Total

Change %

1998 1,456,108 1,123,557 320,480 2,900,145 3,224,146 2,627,498 603,391 6,455,035 4,680,254 3,751,055 923,871 9,355,180
1999 1,408,403 1,066,651 328,073 2,803,127 -3% Decrease 3,349,174 2,784,964 629,423 6,763,561 5% Increase 4,757,577 3,851,615 957,496 9,566,688 2% Increase
2000 1,526,521 1,177,639 338,771 3,042,931 9% Increase 3,443,903 2,875,106 648,014 6,967,023 3% Increase 4,970,424 4,052,745 986,785 10,009,954 5% Increase
2001 1,503,504 1,144,497 351,671 2,999,672 -1% Decrease 3,496,334 2,897,584 637,328 7,031,246 1% Increase 4,999,838 4,042,081 988,999 10,030,918 0% Steady
2002 1,377,683 1,018,679 351,500 2,747,862 -8% Decrease 3,378,228 2,799,241 684,556 6,862,025 -2% Decrease 4,755,911 3,817,920 1,036,056 9,609,887 -4% Decrease
2003 1,347,755 1,000,030 336,833 2,684,618 -2% Decrease 3,479,250 2,858,562 688,490 7,026,302 2% Increase 4,827,005 3,858,592 1,025,323 9,710,920 1% Increase
2004 1,427,620 1,055,904 353,328 2,836,852 6% Increase 3,918,357 3,110,974 863,763 7,893,094 12% Increase 5,345,977 4,166,878 1,217,091 10,729,946 10% Increase
2005 1,407,192 1,036,092 361,020 2,804,304 -1% Decrease 4,157,212 3,228,850 942,829 8,328,891 6% Increase 5,564,404 4,264,942 1,303,849 11,133,195 4% Increase
2006 1,474,137 1,061,749 391,741 2,927,627 4% Increase 4,578,600 3,533,799 1,107,755 9,220,154 11% Increase 6,052,737 4,595,548 1,499,496 12,147,781 9% Increase
2007 1,445,258 1,030,566 399,472 2,875,296 -2% Decrease 5,118,611 3,787,847 1,359,868 10,266,326 11% Increase 6,563,869 4,818,413 1,759,340 13,141,622 8% Increase
2008 1,359,456 971,079 369,834 2,700,369 -6% Decrease 5,342,563 3,916,469 1,485,039 10,744,071 5% Increase 6,702,019 4,887,548 1,854,873 13,444,440 2% Increase
2009 1,188,756 843,194 340,935 2,372,885 -12% Decrease 5,116,132 3,737,701 1,384,469 10,238,302 -5% Decrease 6,304,888 4,580,895 1,725,404 12,611,187 -6% Decrease
2010 1,106,291 754,852 346,495 2,207,638 -7% Decrease 5,302,073 3,843,156 1,519,755 10,664,984 4% Increase 6,408,364 4,598,008 1,866,250 12,872,622 2% Increase
2011 1,356,485 926,723 423,836 2,707,044 23% Increase 6,066,264 4,270,885 1,821,878 12,159,027 14% Increase 7,422,749 5,197,608 2,245,714 14,866,071 15% Increase
2012 1,347,600 975,025 370,526 2,693,151 -1% Decrease 6,078,704 4,220,869 1,865,365 12,164,938 0% Steady 7,426,304 5,195,894 2,235,891 14,858,089 0% Steady
2013 1,212,379 858,700 360,553 2,431,632 -10% Decrease 6,415,166 4,425,738 2,006,458 12,847,362 6% Increase 7,627,545 5,284,438 2,367,011 15,278,994 3% Increase
2014 1,252,917 874,358 379,848 2,507,123 3% Increase 6,719,540 4,609,778 2,112,397 13,441,715 5% Increase 7,972,457 5,484,136 2,492,245 15,948,838 4% Increase
2015 1,296,179 878,900 416,645 2,591,724 3% Increase 6,910,106 4,767,663 2,152,773 13,830,542 3% Increase 8,206,285 5,646,563 2,569,418 16,422,266 3% Increase
2016 1,340,595 843,665 495,625 2,679,885 3% Increase 7,236,008 5,101,116 2,167,418 14,504,542 5% Increase 8,576,603 5,944,781 2,663,043 17,184,427 5% Increase
2017 1,365,773 848,398 517,283 2,731,454 2% Increase 8,063,135 5,548,772 2,549,025 16,160,932 11% Increase 9,428,908 6,397,170 3,066,308 18,892,386 10% Increase
2018 1,479,644 882,085 593,371 2,955,100 8% Increase 8,929,667 5,847,559 3,116,423 17,893,649 11% Increase 10,409,311 6,729,644 3,709,794 20,848,749 10% Increase
2019 1,471,681 843,761 614,337 2,929,779 -1% Decrease 9,444,724 5,914,677 3,571,902 18,931,303 6% Increase 10,916,405 6,758,438 4,186,239 21,861,082 5% Increase
2020 505,989 321,428 171,095 998,512 -66% Decrease 2,063,113 1,277,883 713,626 4,054,622 -79% Decrease 2,569,102 1,599,311 884,721 5,053,134 -77% Decrease
2021 425, 501 334, 102 96, 321 855, 924 -14% Decrease 1,698,360 1,314,162 393,089 3,405,611 -16% Decrease 2,123,861 1,648,264 489,410 4,261,535 -16% Decrease
2022 853,801 498,232 338,972 1,691,005 98% Increase 5,579,360 4,061,031 1,551,465 11,191,856 229% Increase 6,433,161 4,559,263 1,890,437 12,882,861 202% Increase

Ground transport

[edit]

The airport is located in the immediate vicinity of Ring III and Finnish national road 45. The railway running beneath the airport in a tunnel is connected to the Helsinki commuter rail.

Rail

[edit]
Helsinki Airport
rail services
Legend
Kivistö
Aviapolis
I arrow for U
Vehkala
Airport Helsinki Airport
Vantaankoski
Leinelä
P arrow for D
Martinlaakso
to Tampere
& Lahti
Louhela
Hiekkaharju
Myyrmäki
Tikkurila
Malminkartano
Puistola
Kannelmäki
Tapanila
Pohjois-Haaga
Malmi
to Turku
Pukinmäki
Huopalahti
Oulunkylä
Ilmala
Käpylä
Pasila
Helsinki Central
Helsinki Airport Railway Station
Another view of the Helsinki Airport Railway Station.
See also: Helsinki Airport station

The railway link to the airport opened for traffic in July 2015[162] and serves local commuter trains running at 10-minute intervals during peak periods. On evenings the train run every 15 minutes and at quieter times every 30 minutes. The railway is trafficked by low-floor Stadler FLIRT trains, operated by the VR Group.[163]

The westbound commuter line "I" runs to Helsinki Central Station via Huopalahti, while the eastbound commuter line "P" runs to Helsinki Central Station via Tikkurilas.[163] Eastbound trains stop at Tikkurila where passengers can transfer to long-distance trains going away from Helsinki, in the directions of Tampere and Lahti, including lines to Saint Petersburg and Moscow.[164]

The P service is not in service through the night. Bus lines 562N to Tikkurila railway station and 615 to downtown Helsinki provide night service to and from the Airport.

Plans also exist for a direct connection between Helsinki Central, the airport, and the long-distance rail network via Kerava. This line, known as Lentorata, is projected to run in a tunnel for most of its approximately 30 km length.[165]

Taxi

[edit]

Taxi ranks are located outside Terminal 1 and Terminal 2.[166]

Since 1 January 2022, contracted taxis at the Helsinki Airport are operated by Mankkaan Taksi Oy, Taksi Helsinki Oy and Menevä Oy.[167] Other taxi companies can also provide their services, with the customer negotiating the transport price themselves.[168]

Bus

[edit]
Outside Helsinki-Vantaa Airport
A Finnair City Bus and a Helsinki Regional Transport Authority bus on line 615 at the airport. This picture is from 2015.

There is regular bus service by bus line 600 from the airport to Helsinki Central railway station (mainly through the Tuusulanväylä) and to railway stations in the Helsinki metropolitan area.[169] The chief operator of these services is the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority (HSL).[citation needed]

Coach connections to all parts of Finland are provided by Matkahuolto and ExpressBus.[citation needed]

Means of transport at Helsinki Airport
Means of transport Operator Route Destinations
Bus Bus Helsinki Regional Transport Authority 415N, 431N, 562, 570, 600 Helsinki Central railway station (600) (Finnish: Rautatientori)

Elielinaukio (415N & 431N, night service only)

Malmi - Itäkeskus (562)

Tikkurila railway station - Mellunmäki (570)

Matkahuolto Hämeenlinna, Jyväskylä, Kuopio, Lahti, Mikkeli, Oulu, Salo, Tampere, Turku
Train Train VR P Helsinki Central railway station (via Tikkurila railway station)
VR I Helsinki Central railway station (via Huopalahti railway station)

Until 2020 the Finnair City Bus, operated by Pohjolan Liikenne, provided a direct bus connection from the Eliel Square in central Helsinki to the airport.[170] In spring 2020, the service was suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in autumn 2020 Pohjolan Liikenne announced it would discontinue the service permanently.[171] The service operated for the last time on 22 March 2020.[172]

There are also daily bus connections to the Helsinki Airport from Turku and Tampere.[173]

Parking

[edit]

In August 2016, there were about 13 thousand parking spaces at the Helsinki Airport.[174] Some of the spaces were taken out of use in January 2019 when the parking garage P1/P2 located near the terminal was dismantled to make way for the new entrance to the airport.[175]

The airport has two parking garages (P3 and P5) as well as two outdoor parking areas (P4A and P4B). The free-of-charge bus service AirPortBus operated by Finavia travels between the parking areas and the terminal.[176]

There are also companies providing airport parking services near the airport, where passengers can leave their cars in a guarded area and get transport to the airport.[177][178][179]

Accidents and hijackings

[edit]
Karair's OH-VKN after its failed landing.
  • On 2 December 1957, the approach of an Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-14 from Leningrad went too far in the thick fog, and the pilots failed to stop the plane until the end of the runway. The plane overran the runway and finally stopped at a highway embankment to the south of the airport area. The plane was carrying sixteen passengers and five crewmembers, of which ten people were injured.[180] The accident site was closed off. There was no attempt to fix the plane in Finland. The plane was the size of a Convair Metropolitan, and it was disassembled and taken to the Soviet Union by car.[181]
  • On 19 August 1963, a Karair Convair CV-440 Metropolitan (OH-VKM) was damaged during landing to Helsinki Airport. During the landing in a thunderstorm the plane bounced three times off the runway and finally its nose wheel assembly broke. The plane fell down on its nose, both of its propellers hit the ground and the plane dragged along the runway for 1300 metres.
The plane was fixed by January the next year and remained in service until 1973.[182]: 94–95, 215 
  • On 21 August 1963, another Karair Convair CV-440-98 Metropolitan (OH-VKN) was damaged during landing to Helsinki Airport. The plane bounced three times off the runway, and on its last impact its nose wheel assembly broke, and the left middle wing was bent and twisted. The plane fell down on its nose, its propellers hit the ground, and the plane finally dragged onto the lawn to the left of the runway.
Both Convair Metropolitan accidents were partly caused because air traffic control had been forbidden to provide complete information about the weather at the airport to approaching planes. Only the direction and speed of the wind were reported, not any approaching or present thunderstorms. The pilot of OH-VKN lost sight of the airport at a critical moment because of heavy rain and temporary blindness caused by a lightning flash.[182]: 94–96, 216 [183]
  • On 10 July 1977, two young Soviet men hijacked an Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 traveling from Petrozavodsk to Leningrad, trying to get to Stockholm. Because of lack of fuel, the plane had to land at Helsinki Airport. The hijacking situation lasted for three days, after which the hijackers surrendered to the police and were transported back to the Soviet Union.[184][185]
  • On 30 September 1978, 37-year-old former contractor Aarno Lamminparras hijacked a Finnair Sud Aviation Caravelle from Oulu to Helsinki. The plane visited Amsterdam and then returned to Helsinki Airport. Lamminparras surrendered to the police on 1 October. None of the 44 passengers on the plane were injured or killed.[citation needed]
  • On 31 January 2005, a Nord-Flyg AB Cessna C208B on a cargo flight to Sweden crashed on the ground between the first and third runways soon after take-off. The reason of the accident was stalling caused by snow and ice left on the upper surface of the wing. The pilot, the only person on the plane, was slightly injured in the accident.[186]

Future expansion and plans

[edit]
Finnair Airbus A319 taxiing. Terminal expansion construction site in the background.
Terminal 2 non-Schengen expansion site.
Expansion of non-Schengen area at Helsinki Airport.

Master plan 2020

[edit]

In October 2013, Finavia received a capital injection of €200,000,000 from the Finnish Government. The investment enabled Finavia to start a development program worth €900,000,000 at Helsinki Airport, aiming at maintaining the strong position of Helsinki Airport in transit traffic between Europe and Asia. The program started in January 2014 and is planned to last until February 2020.[187] It is expected to generate about 14,000 person-years of employment. Helsinki Airport was expected to serve 20 million passengers per year by 2020 and create about 5,000 new jobs at the airport.[12] However, the airport served almost 21 million passengers in 2018; two years before the target. The expansion will increase capacity at the airport to 30 million passengers.[188] In order to achieve this, the airport will expand both of its terminals and open a new entrance in place of the current parking and public transport area.[188]

The Suomi-rata project, started in 2019, aims to build a new railway connection to the airport. It would create a new, twice as fast connection from the airport to the Helsinki Central railway station as well as a connection to the Finnish Main Line, allowing direct rail access to the airport also from elsewhere in Finland.[189]

Development timeline

[edit]

Among the completed and planned projects are:[190]

  • Completed projects
    • Renewal of Baggage Claim Hall 2B – completed January 2015
    • Renovation of Arrival Hall 2A – completed June 2015
    • Train connection – completed July 2015
    • Renovation of Runway 1 – completed August 2015
    • New bus terminal for remote aircraft stand operations – completed June 2016
    • 3,000 new parking spaces – completed August 2016
    • New aircraft engine test site – completed October 2016
    • The new south pier – completed June 2017
    • Finnair's new cargo terminal – Late 2017
    • Scandic hotel – completed March 2018
    • Aukio – completed February 2019[191]
    • Expansion of Terminal 1 – completed 10 April 2019[192]
    • Expansion of border control – completed July 2019[193]
    • The new west pier – completed November 2019[193]
    • Gate area 17-19 expansion – completed December 2019[193]
    • Gate area 34-36 expansion – completed September 2021[193]
    • New entrance – completed December 2021[193]
    • New departure hall and new security control area – 2022[193]
  • Planned projects, projects under construction
    • Expansion of Schengen gate area – 2023[193]

Terminal expansion

[edit]

Helsinki Airport has capacity for about 17 million passengers annually, although this number was passed in 2016. Finavia decided to expand the current terminal building to respond to the expected passenger growth within the following years.

Part of the plan was to build a satellite terminal next to Terminal 2, but the plan was cancelled in favour of expansion under a single terminal building.[194] In September 2014, Finavia revealed more detailed plans for the future expansion that will take place between 2014 and 2020. According to the plan Terminals 1 and 2 will be combined and expanded under one roof. This expansion work is one of Finland's largest construction projects. The expansion was designed by the Finnish architects' office PES-Architects. The same office designed the previous Helsinki Airport expansions completed in 1996 and 1999, as well as the circular parking buildings in front of the terminal.[195] The surface area will increase by 45%, luggage handling capacity will increase by 50%. The entire surface area of the terminal in 2020 will be approximately 250,000 square metres (2,700,000 sq ft).[196]

Expansion of Terminal 1
[edit]

Finavia plans to expand Terminal 1, which is used for flights within the Schengen area. The construction is scheduled to be started in November 2017. Terminal 1 will be expanded by four separate departure gate buildings which will be connected by walking corridors. Each building will have one departure gate excluding one, which will have three gates. Gates (5–11) will not be equipped with jet bridges. Buildings will have two floors.[197][198]

Expansion of Terminal 2
[edit]

Terminal 2 will have new gates (8 additional gates to Terminal 2) and aircraft stands on the apron.[199] All gates for long-haul flights will have double jet bridges (such as the ones at Incheon International Airport) to enable handling larger aircraft more efficiently. Finavia has signed a contract with Thyssen Krupp Airport Systems for 16 widebody aircraft stands with up to 33 new jet bridges. New jet bridges were installed to gates 38 and 39 (now 53 and 54). Gate 48 can accommodate the Airbus A380 superjumbo and there are new aircraft stands on the apron accommodating the A380. Five of the gates will be able to accommodate two regional jets, such as Boeing 737s or Airbus A320s, simultaneously at a single gate.[53] Two of these gates are located at West Pier.

In June 2016, the new bus terminal for remote aircraft stand operations was opened to increase the airport's capacity with gates 50A-M.

The new South Pier of Terminal 2 was inaugurated on 10 July 2017. The first scheduled flight from the new pier, AY006 departed from Gate 54 to New York City. The new pier covers 8,300 square metres (89,000 sq ft). In addition to the new terminal building, new dual boarding gates S54 and S55 as well as aircraft stands 171 and 172 were opened. Construction of the southern wing of Terminal 2 started on 4 January 2016.[200] The construction took around 18 months. There are two floors: one for arriving passengers, the other for departures and gates 52 to 55. All the gates have dual boarding jet bridges. The new wing also features the first moving walkway at any airport in Finland.

On 20 September 2016, the construction on the West Pier began, even though it was expected to start in summer 2017. The first part of the west wing is expected to be finished in April 2019 while the entire pier was completed in October 2019.[193] The west wing represents some €300,000,000 of Finavia's substantial total investment of €900,000,000. The first part of the west wing built is the large central plaza, "Aukio", which was opened in February 2019. It brings 25,000 square metres (270,000 sq ft) of new passenger and baggage facilities to the airport.[201] The pier is equipped with nine gates for widebody jets. Gate 48 is able to accommodate the Airbus A380.

The area of the apron to be renovated covers a total of 157,000 square metres (1,690,000 sq ft).

The Helsinki Airport development program also includes plans to expand Terminal 2 to the area currently used for parking and public transport. This would provide more space for check-in, security control and baggage operations, allowing the airport to concentrate all departure and arrival services in a single terminal.[201] On 1 December 2021, a new multimodal travel center will be opened in connection with Terminal 2, among other things, to streamline access to the airport from the train station and bus terminal.[202]

New cargo terminal

[edit]

The construction of a new freight terminal (35,000 m2 or 380,000 sq ft) began in March 2015. The capacity of the terminal is being expanded to accommodate the growing freight capacity that will be provided by Finnair's Airbus A350 XWB fleet. Finnair's freight operations will continue in the current location until relocation to the new freight terminal in spring 2017.[61]

Contextual engine

[edit]

Part of the rehaul of Helsinki Airport has included the development of a contextual engine that uses artificial intelligence to digest passenger data in ways that make passing through the airport a more pleasant experience. The benefits come from an array of small improvements; for example, digital signs change language according to the nationalities of those getting off a flight. Passengers are also continuously kept abreast of how long it will take them to reach their gates or pass through security control. Monocle named the contextual engine built by technology firm Reaktor as one of the top transportation innovations of 2018.[203]

Planned third terminal

[edit]

In addition to the terminal expansion, Finavia has also contemplated building a third terminal at Helsinki Airport. According to Finavia's tentative plan, the new terminal would be located between runways 04R/22L and 04L/22R, while runway 15/33 would be removed. The terminal would be the principal terminal at the airport but the check-in area would stay in the current terminal building. The decision to build the third terminal has not yet been taken.[204]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "EFHK Helsinki-Vantaa" (PDF). AIP Suomi / Finland. Finavia. 8 December 2016. pp. EFHK AD 2.1, pp. 1–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  2. ^ "Shortest route between Europe and Asia". Finavia. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  3. ^ "History and Facts about Helsinki Int'l Airport". finavia.fi. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
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  6. ^ "Record-breaking year 2016 at Helsinki Airport: The most extensive route selection ever". Finavia. 19 November 2015. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
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