May 7
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| 2015 (Thursday) |
May 7 is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 238 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch.[1]
- 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction.[2] Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt.
- 1274 – In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens; it ratified a decree to regulate the election of the Pope.[3]
- 1541 – Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, executed at the Tower of London for having ‘committed and perpetrated diverse and sundry other detestable and abominable treasons’ against her kinsman King Henry VIII of England[4]
- 1487 – The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista.[5]
- 1544 – The Burning of Edinburgh by an English army is the first action of the Rough Wooing.[6]
1601–1900
[edit]- 1625 – State funeral of James VI and I (1566–1625) is held at Westminster Abbey.[7]
- 1664 – Inaugural celebrations begin at Louis XIV of France's new Palace of Versailles.[8]
- 1685 – Battle of Vrtijeljka between rebels and Ottoman forces.
- 1697 – Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced in the 18th century by the current Royal Palace.[9]
- 1718 – The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville.[10]
- 1763 – Pontiac's War begins with Pontiac's attempt to seize Fort Detroit from the British.
- 1765 – HMS Victory is launched at Chatham Dockyard, Kent. She is not commissioned until 1778.[11]
- 1794 – French Revolution: Robespierre introduces the Cult of the Supreme Being in the National Convention as the new state religion of the French First Republic.
- 1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: A French force attempting to dislodge a small British garrison on the Îles Saint-Marcouf is repulsed with heavy losses.[12]
- 1824 – World premiere of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in Vienna, Austria. The performance is conducted by Michael Umlauf under the composer's supervision.[13]
- 1832 – Greece's independence is recognized by the Treaty of London.
- 1840 – The Great Natchez Tornado strikes Natchez, Mississippi killing 317 people. It is the second deadliest tornado in United States history.
- 1846 – The Cambridge Chronicle, America's oldest surviving weekly newspaper, is published for the first time in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1864 – American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.
- 1864 – The world's oldest surviving clipper ship, the City of Adelaide is launched by William Pile, Hay and Co. in Sunderland, England, for transporting passengers and goods between Britain and Australia.
- 1895 – In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention, the Popov lightning detector—a primitive radio receiver. In some parts of the former Soviet Union the anniversary of this day is celebrated as Radio Day.
1901–present
[edit]- 1915 – World War I: German submarine U-20 sinks RMS Lusitania, killing 1,199 people, including 128 Americans. Public reaction to the sinking turns many former pro-Germans in the United States against the German Empire.
- 1915 – The Republic of China accedes to 13 of the 21 Demands, extending the Empire of Japan's control over Manchuria and the Chinese economy.[14]
- 1920 – Polish–Soviet War: Kyiv offensive: Polish troops led by Józef Piłsudski and Edward Rydz-Śmigły and assisted by a symbolic Ukrainian force capture Kyiv only to be driven out by the Red Army counter-offensive a month later.
- 1920 – Treaty of Moscow: Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia only to invade the country six months later.
- 1930 – The 7.1 Mw Salmas earthquake shakes northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Up to three-thousand people were killed.
- 1931 – The stand-off between criminal Francis Crowley and 300 members of the New York Police Department takes place in his fifth-floor apartment on West 91st Street, New York City.
- 1937 – Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.
- 1940 – World War II: The Norway Debate in the British House of Commons begins, and leads to the replacement of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain with Winston Churchill three days later.
- 1942 – World War II: During the Battle of the Coral Sea, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Imperial Japanese Navy light aircraft carrier Shōhō; the battle marks the first time in naval history that two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.
- 1945 – World War II: Last German U-boat attack of the war, two freighters are sunk off the Firth of Forth, Scotland.
- 1945 – World War II: Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the next day.
- 1946 – Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed Sony) is founded.[15]
- 1948 – The Council of Europe is founded during the Hague Congress.
- 1952 – The concept of the integrated circuit, the basis for all modern computers, is first published by Geoffrey Dummer.
- 1954 – Indochina War: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat and a Viet Minh victory (the battle began on March 13).
- 1960 – Cold War: U-2 Crisis of 1960: Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U-2 pilot Gary Powers.
- 1964 – Pacific Airlines Flight 773 is hijacked by Francisco Gonzales and crashes in Contra Costa County, California, killing 44.[16]
- 1986 – Canadian Patrick Morrow becomes the first person to climb each of the Seven Summits.
- 1991 – A fire and explosion occurs at a fireworks factory at Sungai Buloh, Malaysia, killing 26.[17]
- 1992 – Michigan ratifies a 203-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a mid-term pay raise.
- 1992 – Space Shuttle program: The Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on its first mission, STS-49.
- 1992 – Three employees at a McDonald's Restaurant in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, are brutally murdered and a fourth permanently disabled after a botched robbery. It is the first "fast-food murder" in Canada.
- 1994 – Edvard Munch's painting The Scream is recovered undamaged after being stolen from the National Gallery of Norway in February.[18]
- 1998 – Mercedes-Benz buys Chrysler for US$40 billion and forms DaimlerChrysler in the largest industrial merger in history.[19]
- 1999 – Pope John Paul II travels to Romania, becoming the first pope to visit a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.
- 1999 – Kosovo War: Three Chinese citizens are killed and 20 wounded when a NATO aircraft inadvertently bombs the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.
- 1999 – In Guinea-Bissau, President João Bernardo Vieira is ousted in a military coup.
- 2000 – Vladimir Putin is inaugurated as president of Russia.
- 2002 – An EgyptAir Boeing 737-500 crashes on approach to Tunis–Carthage International Airport, killing 14 people.[20]
- 2002 – A China Northern Airlines MD-82 plunges into the Yellow Sea, killing 112 people.
- 2004 – American businessman Nick Berg is beheaded by Islamic militants. The act is recorded on videotape and released on the Internet.[21]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- Before 160 – Julia Maesa, Roman noblewoman (d. 224)[22]
- 1488 – John III of the Palatinate, archbishop of Regensburg (d. 1538)
- 1530 – Louis, Prince of Condé (d. 1569)[23]
- 1553 – Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia (d. 1618)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1605 – Patriarch Nikon of Moscow (d. 1681)
- 1643 – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, American politician, 10th Mayor of New York City (d. 1700)
- 1700 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-Austrian physician (d. 1772)
- 1701 – Carl Heinrich Graun, German tenor and composer (d. 1759)[24]
- 1711 – David Hume, Scottish economist, historian, and philosopher (d. 1776)[25]
- 1724 – Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, French-Austrian field marshal (d. 1797)
- 1740 – Nikolai Arkharov, Russian police officer and general (d. 1814)
- 1748 – Olympe de Gouges, French playwright and philosopher (d. 1793)[26]
- 1751 – Stephen Badlam, American artisan and military officer (d. 1815)[27]
- 1763 – Józef Poniatowski, Polish general (d. 1813)
- 1767 – Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1820)
- 1774 – William Bainbridge, American commodore (d. 1833)
- 1787 – Jacques Viger, Canadian archaeologist and politician, 1st mayor of Montreal (d. 1858)
- 1812 – Robert Browning, English poet and playwright (d. 1889)[28]
- 1833 – Johannes Brahms, German pianist and composer (d. 1897)[29]
- 1836 – Joseph Gurney Cannon, American lawyer and politician, 40th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1926)
- 1837 – Karl Mauch, German geographer and explorer (d. 1875)
- 1840 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer and educator (d. 1893)
- 1845 – Mary Eliza Mahoney, American nurse and activist (d. 1926)
- 1847 – Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1929)
- 1857 – William A. MacCorkle, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of West Virginia (d. 1930)
- 1860 – Tom Norman, English businessman (d. 1930)
- 1861 – Rabindranath Tagore, Indian author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)[30]
- 1867 – Władysław Reymont, Polish novelist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1925)
- 1875 – Bill Hoyt, American pole vaulter (d. 1951)
- 1880 – Pandurang Vaman Kane, Indologist and Sanskrit scholar, Bharat Ratna awardee (d. 1972)
- 1881 – George E. Wiley, American cyclist (d. 1954)
- 1882 – Willem Elsschot, Belgian author and poet (d. 1960)
- 1885 – George "Gabby" Hayes, American actor (d. 1969)
- 1889 – Viktor Puskar, Estonian colonel (d. 1943)
- 1891 – Harry McShane, Scottish engineer and activist (d. 1988)
- 1892 – Archibald MacLeish, American poet, playwright, and lawyer (d. 1982)
- 1892 – Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav field marshal and politician, 1st President of Yugoslavia (d. 1980)
- 1893 – Frank J. Selke, Canadian ice hockey coach and manager (d. 1985)
- 1896 – Kathleen McKane Godfree, English tennis and badminton player (d. 1992)
- 1899 – Alfred Gerrard, English sculptor and academic (d. 1998)
1901–present
[edit]- 1901 – Gary Cooper, American actor (d. 1961)[31]
- 1903 – Nikolay Zabolotsky, Russian-Soviet poet and translator (d. 1958)[32]
- 1905 – Philip Baxter, Welsh-Australian chemical engineer (d. 1989)[33]
- 1909 – Edwin H. Land, American scientist and inventor, co-founded the Polaroid Corporation (d. 1991)
- 1909 – Dorothy Sunrise Lorentino, Native American teacher (d. 2005)[34]
- 1911 – Ishirō Honda, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1993)
- 1913 – Simon Ramo, American physicist and engineer (d. 2016)
- 1917 – Domenico Bartolucci, Italian cardinal and composer (d. 2013)
- 1917 – Lenox Hewitt, Australian public servant (d. 2020)
- 1917 – David Tomlinson, English actor (d. 2000)
- 1919 – Eva Perón, Argentinian actress, 25th First Lady of Argentina (d. 1952)
- 1920 – Rendra Karno, Indonesian actor (d. 1985)
- 1922 – Darren McGavin, American actor and director (d. 2006)
- 1923 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
- 1927 – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, German-American author and screenwriter (d. 2013)
- 1929 – Dick Williams, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2011)
- 1930 – Babe Parilli, American football player and coach (d. 2017)
- 1931 – Teresa Brewer, American singer (d. 2007)
- 1931 – Gene Wolfe, American author (d. 2019)
- 1932 – Pete Domenici, American lawyer and politician, 37th Mayor of Albuquerque (d. 2017)
- 1932 – Derek Taylor, English journalist and author (d. 1997)
- 1933 – Johnny Unitas, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2002)
- 1935 – Michael Hopkins, English architect (d. 2023)
- 1936 – Tony O'Reilly, Irish rugby player and businessman (d. 2024)[35]
- 1939 – Sidney Altman, Canadian-American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2022)
- 1939 – Ruggero Deodato, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2022)
- 1939 – Ruud Lubbers, Dutch economist and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2018)
- 1939 – Johnny Maestro, American pop/doo-wop singer (d. 2010)
- 1940 – Angela Carter, English novelist and short story writer (d. 1992)
- 1943 – Terry Allen, American singer and painter
- 1943 – John Bannon, Australian academic and politician, 39th Premier of South Australia (d. 2015)
- 1943 – Peter Carey, Australian novelist and short story writer
- 1945 – Christy Moore, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1945 – Robin Strasser, American actress
- 1946 – Thelma Houston, American R&B/disco singer and actress
- 1946 – Marv Hubbard, American football player (d. 2015)
- 1946 – Bill Kreutzmann, American drummer
- 1946 – Michael Rosen, English author and poet
- 1950 – John Dowling Coates, Australian lawyer, sports administrator and businessman
- 1950 – Tim Russert, American television journalist and lawyer (d. 2008)
- 1954 – Amy Heckerling, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1956 – Jan Peter Balkenende, Dutch jurist and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
- 1956 – Anne Dudley, English pianist and composer
- 1956 – Nicholas Hytner, English director and producer[36]
- 1956 – Jean Lapierre, Canadian talk show host and politician (d. 2016)
- 1958 – Anne Marie Rafferty, English nurse and academic
- 1958 – William Ridenour, American politician[37]
- 1960 – Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham, Iraqi-English surgeon and academic
- 1960 – Almudena Grandes, Spanish author (d. 2021)
- 1961 – Sue Black, Scottish anthropologist and academic
- 1965 – Owen Hart, Canadian wrestler (d. 1999)
- 1965 – Norman Whiteside, Northern Irish footballer and manager
- 1967 – Roberto d'Amico, Belgian politician[38]
- 1967 – Martin Bryant, Australian mass murderer
- 1967 – Joe Rice, American colonel and politician
- 1968 – Traci Lords, American actress and singer
- 1968 – Lisa Raitt, Canadian lawyer and politician, 30th Canadian Minister of Transport
- 1969 – Eagle-Eye Cherry, Swedish singer-songwriter[39]
- 1971 – Thomas Piketty, French economist[40]
- 1972 – Frank Trigg, American mixed martial artist and wrestler
- 1974 – Breckin Meyer, American actor, writer, and producer[41]
- 1976 – Calvin Booth, American basketball player and executive[42]
- 1976 – Stacey Jones, New Zealand rugby league player[43]
- 1976 – Michael P. Murphy, American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2005)
- 1976 – Ayelet Shaked, former Israeli Minister of Justice
- 1978 – Shawn Marion, American basketball player
- 1979 – Katie Douglas, American basketball player
- 1984 – James Loney, American baseball player[44]
- 1984 – Kevin Owens, Canadian wrestler
- 1984 – Alex Smith, American football player[45]
- 1985 – J Balvin, Colombian singer-songwriter and producer[46]
- 1986 – Matt Helders, English drummer
- 1987 – Aidy Bryant, American actress and comedian[47]
- 1987 – Mark Reynolds, Scottish footballer[48]
- 1989 – Earl Thomas, American football player[49]
- 1990 – Sydney Leroux, Canadian-American footballer[50]
- 1992 – Alexander Ludwig, Canadian actor and musician[51]
- 1993 – Will Ospreay, English wrestler[52]
- 1993 – Ajla Tomljanovic, Australian tennis player[53]
- 1995 – Seko Fofana, Ivorian international footballer[54]
- 1996 – Lee "Faker" Sang-hyeok, South Korean League of Legends gamer[55]
- 1997 – Daria Kasatkina, Russian tennis player[56][57]
- 1997 – Youri Tielemans, Belgian footballer[58]
- 1997 – Cameron Young, American golfer[59]
- 1998 – Jimmy Donaldson, American YouTuber[60]
- 1998 – Dani Olmo, Spanish footballer[61]
- 1998 – Jesse Puljujärvi, Finnish ice hockey player[62]
- 1999 – Cody Gakpo, Dutch footballer[63]
- 2004 – Ashlyn Krueger, American tennis player[64]
Deaths
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 721 – John of Beverley, bishop of York[65]
- 833 – Ibn Hisham, Egyptian Muslim historian
- 973 – Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 912)
- 1014 – Bagrat III, 1st King of Georgia (b. 960)
- 1092 – Remigius de Fécamp, English monk and bishop
- 1166 – William I of Sicily
- 1202 – Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
- 1205 – Ladislaus III of Hungary (b. 1201)
- 1234 – Otto I, Duke of Merania (b. c. 1180)
- 1243 – Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel
- 1427 – Thomas la Warr, 5th Baron De La Warr, English priest (b. 1352)
- 1494 – Eskender, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1471)
- 1523 – Franz von Sickingen, German knight (b. 1481)
- 1539 – Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian printer (b. 1466)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1617 – David Fabricius, German astronomer and theologian (b. 1564)[66]
- 1667 – Johann Jakob Froberger, German organist and composer (b. 1616)
- 1682 – Feodor III of Russia (b. 1661)
- 1685 – Bajo Pivljanin (b. 1630)
- 1718 – Mary of Modena (b. 1658)
- 1793 – Pietro Nardini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1722)
- 1800 – Niccolò Piccinni, Italian composer (b. 1728)
- 1805 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Irish-English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1737)[67]
- 1815 – Jabez Bowen, American colonel and politician, 45th Deputy Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1739)
- 1825 – Antonio Salieri, Italian composer and conductor (b. 1750)
- 1840 – Caspar David Friedrich, German painter and educator (b. 1774)
- 1868 – Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, Scottish lawyer and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1778)
- 1872 – Alexander Loyd, American carpenter and politician, 4th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)
- 1876 – William Buell Sprague, American clergyman, historian, and author (b. 1795)
- 1887 – C. F. W. Walther, German-American religious leader and theologian (b. 1811)
- 1896 – H. H. Holmes, American serial killer (b. 1861)
1901–present
[edit]- 1902 – Agostino Roscelli, Italian priest and saint (b. 1818)
- 1917 – Albert Ball, English fighter pilot (b. 1896)[68]
- 1922 – Max Wagenknecht, German pianist and composer (b. 1857)
- 1924 – Alluri Sitarama Raju, Indian activist (b. 1897/1898)
- 1925 – William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, English businessman and politician (b. 1851)
- 1937 – Ernst A. Lehmann, German captain and author (b. 1886)
- 1938 – Octavian Goga, Romanian politician, former Prime Minister (b. 1881)
- 1940 – George Lansbury, English journalist and politician (b. 1859)
- 1941 – James George Frazer, Scottish-English anthropologist and academic (b. 1854)
- 1942 – Felix Weingartner, Croatian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1863)
- 1943 – Fethi Okyar, Turkish colonel and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1880)
- 1946 – Herbert Macaulay, Nigerian journalist and politician (b. 1864)
- 1951 – Warner Baxter, American actor (b. 1889)
- 1967 – Margaret Larkin, American writer and poet (b. 1899)
- 1958 – Mihkel Lüdig, Estonian organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1880)
- 1976 – Alison Uttley, English children's book writer (b. 1884)
- 1978 – Mort Weisinger, American journalist and author (b. 1915)
- 1986 – Haldun Taner, Turkish playwright and author (b. 1915)
- 1987 – Colin Blakely, Northern Irish actor (b. 1930)
- 1987 – Paul Popham, American soldier and activist, co-founded Gay Men's Health Crisis (b. 1941)
- 1990 – Sam Tambimuttu, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
- 1994 – Clement Greenberg, American art critic (b. 1909)
- 1995 – Ray McKinley, American drummer, singer, and bandleader (Glenn Miller Orchestra) (b. 1910)
- 1998 – Allan McLeod Cormack, South African-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1924)
- 1998 – Eddie Rabbitt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
- 2000 – Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., American captain, actor, and producer (b. 1909)
- 2001 – Jacques de Bourbon-Busset, French author and politician (b. 1912)
- 2004 – Waldemar Milewicz, Polish journalist (b. 1956)
- 2005 – Tristan Egolf, American author and activist (b. 1971)
- 2005 – Peter Rodino, American captain and politician (b. 1909)
- 2005 – Otilino Tenorio, Ecuadorian footballer (b. 1980)
- 2006 – Richard Carleton, Australian journalist (b. 1943)
- 2006 – Joan C. Edwards, American singer and philanthropist (b. 1918)
- 2007 – Isabella Blow, English magazine editor (b. 1958)
- 2007 – Diego Corrales, American boxer (b. 1977)
- 2007 – Octavian Paler, Romanian journalist and politician (b. 1926)
- 2007 – Yahweh ben Yahweh, American cult leader, founded the Nation of Yahweh (b. 1935)
- 2009 – David Mellor, English designer (b. 1930)
- 2009 – Danny Ozark, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1923)
- 2011 – Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer (b. 1957)
- 2011 – Willard Boyle, Canadian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1924)
- 2011 – Big George, English songwriter, producer, and radio host (b. 1957)
- 2011 – Victor Nosach, Soviet historian (b. 1929) [69]
- 2012 – Sammy Barr, Scottish trade union leader (b. 1931)
- 2012 – Ferenc Bartha, Hungarian economist and politician (b. 1943)
- 2012 – Dennis E. Fitch, American captain and pilot (b. 1942)
- 2013 – Ferruccio Mazzola, Italian footballer and manager (b. 1948)
- 2013 – George Sauer, Jr., American football player (b. 1943)
- 2014 – Neville McNamara, Australian air marshal (b. 1923)
- 2014 – Colin Pillinger, English astronomer, chemist, and academic (b. 1943)
- 2014 – Dick Welteroth, American baseball player (b. 1927)
- 2015 – Frank DiPascali, American businessman (b. 1956)
- 2015 – John Dixon, Australian-American author and illustrator (b. 1929)
- 2023 – Aase Foss Abrahamsen, Norwegian writer (b. 1930)[70]
- 2024 – Steve Albini, American musician, record producer, audio engineer, and music journalist (b. 1962)[71]
Holidays and observances
[edit]- Christian feast day:
- Defender of the Fatherland Day (Kazakhstan)
- Dien Bien Phu Victory Day (Vietnam)
- Radio Day, commemorating the work of Alexander Popov (Russia, Bulgaria)[73]
References
[edit]- ^ Socrates Scholasticus, Historia ecclesiastica ii.28.2
- ^ Nadine Schibille (22 April 2016). Hagia Sophia and the Byzantine Aesthetic Experience. Routledge. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-317-12415-3.
- ^ Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor. Ordo Fratrum Minorum. p. 3.
- ^ Borman, Tracy. "The Extraordinary Life and Death of Lady Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury". Historic Royal Palaces. Retrieved 2024-12-12.
- ^ Harry W. Hazard; Kenneth Meyer Setton (1975). The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 452. ISBN 978-0-299-06670-3.
- ^ Joseph Bain, Hamilton Papers, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1890), p. 369.
- ^ Jennifer Woodward, The Theatre of Death: The Ritual Management of Royal Funerals in Renaissance England (Boydell, 1997), p. 175.
- ^ Stephen Varick Dock (1992). Costume & Fashion in the Plays of Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Molière: A Seventeenth-century Perspective. Slatkine. p. 114. ISBN 978-2-05-101196-9.
- ^ Mårten Snickare (2002). Tessin: Nicodemus Tessin the Younger : Royal Architect and Visionary. Nationalmuseum. p. 111. ISBN 978-91-7100-671-4.
- ^ Ambe J. Njoh (10 December 2015). French Urbanism in Foreign Lands. Springer. p. 21. ISBN 978-3-319-25298-8.
- ^ "Royal Navy- HMS Victory".
- ^ Woodman, Richard (2001). The Sea Warriors. Constable Publishers. pp. 103–04. ISBN 1-84119-183-3.
- ^ Clive, Peter (2006). Beethoven and his World: a Biographical Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-19816-672-6.
- ^ Elleman, Bruce A. (2002). Wilson and China: A Revised History of the Shandong Question. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 18. ISBN 9780765610508.
- ^ Grayson, Robert (2013). Sony: The Company and Its Founders. Minneapolis: ABDO Publishing. pp. 27–28. ISBN 9781617833359.
- ^ "Accident Report, Pacific Air Lines incident of May 7, 1964, File No: 1-0017". Civil Aeronautics Board. October 28, 1964. Retrieved March 20, 2021.
- ^ "NST175: The bright sparklers tragedy". New Straits Times. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
- ^ "'The Scream' recovered in Norway". UPI. May 7, 1994. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ Lipin, Steven (May 7, 1998). "Chrysler, Daimler-Benz Announce World's Largest Industrial Merger". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-566 SU-GBI Tunis-Carthage Airport (TUN)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
- ^ Zuhur, Sherifa (2016). "Al Qaeda in Iraq". In Tucker, Spencer; Pierpaoli, Paul G. (eds.). U.S. Conflicts in the 21st Century: Afghanistan War, Iraq War, and the War on Terror. Volume 2: I to S. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 66. ISBN 9781440838781.
- ^ A. D. Lee (11 August 2015). Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook. Routledge. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-317-40862-8.
- ^ History of the Princes de Condé in the XVIth and XVIIth Centuries: Louis de Bourbon. R. Bentley. 1872. pp. 14.
- ^ Oscar Thompson; Nicolas Slonimsky (1958). The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians. Dodd, Mead. p. 2385.
- ^ Thomas Guggenheim (1989). Preclassical Monetary Theories. Pinter Publishers. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-86187-958-8.
- ^ The Englishwoman. G. Richards. 1910. p. 165.
- ^ Nash, Susan Higginson (January 26, 1958). "Badlam Famed Dorchester Cabinet Maker". Boston Herald. p. 7.
- ^ Harold Bloom (2009). Robert Browning. Infobase Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-4381-1582-5.
- ^ Johannes Brahms (2001). Johannes Brahms: Life and Letters. Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-924773-8.
- ^ Kumar, Siva (2016). "Tagore, Rabindranath (1861–1940)". Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM1633-1. ISBN 9781135000356.
- ^ "Gary Cooper | American actor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
- ^ Syvarth, Kristina (2016). "Zabolotsky, Nikolai Alexeevich (1903–1958)". Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM700-1. ISBN 9781135000356.
- ^ Gissing, Philip. "Sir John Philip Baxter (1905–1989)". Baxter, Sir John Philip (1905–1989). National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ^ Night Owl, Gary, ed. (August 13, 2005). "Dorothy Sunrise Lorentino". Wotanging Ikche. 13 (33). Marietta, Georgia: Native American News. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ "Businessman Sir Anthony O'Reilly dies after short illness". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
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